Hooligan, also known as candlefish or eulachon, is a species of smelt that is found along the Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska. These small fish are an important part of the ecosystem, providing food for various predatory species. In addition, they have played a significant role in the history and culture of indigenous populations along the coast.
Hooligan Distribution, Migration, and Ecology
Hooligan are known for their unpredictable migration patterns. They do not necessarily return to their natal stream but instead move into the general vicinity where they were spawned. As a result, they can be found in any river along the Pacific coast. Their run is often predicated by the arrival of predators such as gulls, eagles, whales, and seals that feed upon them. The run generally peaks in mid to late May, but a winter run can also occur in parts of Southeast Alaska in January-February.
These fish are found in many places in Alaska, including several rivers in upper Lynn Canal near Haines, upper Cook Inlet, the Copper River, the Situk River, the Alsek River, and the Mendenhall River, among others.
Hooligan in History
Hooligan were a vital food source for indigenous populations along the Pacific coast. They were prepared in various ways for human consumption, and the fish were rendered in large quantities for their oil. This oil was used as a substitute for butter, a seasoning, a base for sauces, a medicinal salve, a laxative, and even lamp oil. Entire villages were built in prime hooligan fishing locations, and political alliances were formed to defend these places. Hooligan oil was also traded with other tribes and European traders.
Tools for Catching Hooligan
Catching hooligan is a simple process that requires a net, a bucket, waders, and proper clothing. Hooligan nets use a fine mesh material for the webbing, and the pole length can vary depending on the location. Sweeping is the most popular method of dipnetting hooligan. Stand in the river or on shore, put your net in the water at a 45-degree angle upstream, and slowly sweep the net across the bottom until you reach a 45-degree downstream angle.
What Can You Do With Hooligan?
Once you've caught hooligan, there are several ways to prepare them. Most people agree that hooligan eaten the day they are caught are at their best. However, if you have caught too many, you can smoke, freeze, can, pickle, or render them into oil. Smoked hooligan is a popular delicacy that brings out the unique flavors of these fish. To prepare smoked hooligan, begin by heading and gutting the fish, cleaning out the kidney, and then smoking them.
It is important to note that hooligan flesh is very soft and does not generally keep well in the freezer. Therefore, it is recommended to consume them fresh or preserve them through smoking or other methods.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Q: Where can I find hooligan?
- A: Hooligan can be found along the Pacific coast from northern California to Alaska, in various rivers and estuaries.
- Q: How do I catch hooligan?
- A: Hooligan can be caught using a net and sweeping technique, either from the river or from shore.
- Q: What can I do with hooligan?
- A: Hooligan can be prepared in various ways, including frying, smoking, freezing, canning, pickling, or rendering into oil.
- Q: Are hooligan endangered?
- A: Hooligan are considered a threatened species in California, Oregon, and Washington, but they do not appear to be in trouble in Canada or Alaska.
Overall, hooligan is a unique and important species along the Pacific coast. Their migration patterns, historical significance, and culinary uses make them a fascinating subject for those interested in the region's ecology and culture. Whether you enjoy catching them or savoring their smoked flavor, hooligan is a true delicacy from the Pacific coast.
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