Many new mothers face the challenge of balancing their personal choices with the well-being of their breastfeeding babies. One controversial topic that often arises is the use of marijuana while breastfeeding. In this article, we will explore the potential risks and effects of smoking weed while breastfeeding, based on the limited research available.
Understanding the Risks
Currently, there is limited scientific evidence on the effects of marijuana use during breastfeeding. However, it is generally advised that lactating mothers should refrain from consuming cannabinoids, including marijuana. While there are no appropriate studies on the specific risks of cannabinoid exposure through breast milk, it is important to closely monitor nursing babies in every case.
It is crucial to note that advising mothers to discontinue breastfeeding if they cannot stop using cannabinoids must incorporate the known risks of formula feeding. Formula feeding comes with its own set of potential risks and should be carefully considered as an alternative.
The Effects of Marijuana Use
Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a crude preparation of the leaves and flowering tops of the Cannabis sativa plant. It is commonly smoked and inhaled, but can also be ingested orally. The psychological effects of marijuana include euphoria, relaxation, altered perception, impaired coordination, and impaired attention and judgment.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound in marijuana. When marijuana is smoked or ingested, THC is absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body, including the brain and fat tissue. THC is also excreted in urine and feces over a prolonged period.
While the passage of THC into breast milk has not been extensively studied, a study conducted in 1982 suggested that THC is excreted into human breast milk in moderate amounts. The study found that 0.8% of the weight-adjusted maternal intake of one joint would be ingested by an infant in one feeding. In heavy users, the milk-to-plasma ratio was as high as 8:
Animal studies have suggested that marijuana can decrease the amount of milk produced by suppressing prolactin production and possibly affecting the mammary glands. However, there are no human data to support these observations.
Potential Risks for Breastfeeding Babies
While the long-term effects of THC exposure through breast milk are not well understood, some studies have suggested potential risks. A study conducted in 1990 found that exposure to THC through breast milk in the first month of life could result in decreased motor development at 1 year old. Other observations include lethargy, less frequent feeding, and shorter feeding times after babies' exposure to THC through breast milk.
It is important to consider that a mother's ability to nurse and care for her child might be compromised due to the effects of marijuana on mood and judgment. Breast milk is widely recognized as the best food for babies, providing essential nutrients, hormones, and antibodies, as well as facilitating bonding between mother and child.
Seeking Support and Counseling
If you are a breastfeeding mother who is using marijuana for medical or recreational purposes, it is crucial to seek appropriate support and counseling. The Motherisk Program's Alcohol and Substance Use Helpline is a valuable resource for nursing mothers, friends, relatives, and healthcare providers concerned about exposure of breastfed babies to marijuana.
It is also important to avoid environmental exposure to maternal marijuana smoke, as this can have additional risks for the baby's health.
While the research on smoking weed while breastfeeding is limited, it is generally advised that lactating mothers should refrain from consuming cannabinoids, including marijuana. The potential risks and effects of THC exposure through breast milk are not well understood, and it is crucial to closely monitor nursing babies in every case.
If you are a breastfeeding mother who is using marijuana, it is important to seek appropriate support and counseling to make informed decisions about your health and the well-being of your baby. Breast milk is widely recognized as the best food for babies, and alternative feeding methods should be carefully considered if discontinuing breastfeeding.
Remember, the health and safety of your baby should always be the top priority, and seeking professional advice is essential in making informed choices.
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