African Smoked Catfish, known as Keluthi in Tamil Nadu and African Munshi in Kerala, is a highly nutritious and protein-rich delicacy. However, it has become a problem in India due to its invasive nature and negative impact on the native fish species.
The Introduction of African Smoked Catfish in India
The African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was introduced to India without official permission. Initially reared in small ponds and lakes, the fish species escaped and spread to Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the 1990s. It can survive in fresh water and is known for its ability to thrive even in poor water quality conditions. This makes it easy to rear in large numbers, resulting in higher profits for farmers.
Due to its invasive nature, the African Catfish preys on native fish species and feeds on microscopic zooplankton, causing a decline in the population of native fish. In Kerala, the spread of this species has been so rampant that it has replaced the native catfish Clarias dussumieri, making it a rare fish to catch.
The Nutritional Value of African Smoked Catfish
African Smoked Catfish is highly nutritious and rich in protein content. It is a popular delicacy in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, known for its unique flavor and taste. The fish is smoked to enhance its flavor and preserve its freshness. It is often used in traditional dishes and is a favorite among seafood lovers.
With its high growth rate and commercial benefits, many farmers prefer monoculture rearing of African Smoked Catfish. The fish can grow to a good size within a short span, making it a profitable choice for farmers. Its low operational costs also contribute to its popularity in aquaculture.
The Ban on African Smoked Catfish
Efforts to control the proliferation of African Smoked Catfish in India have been ongoing for years. As early as 1997, the National Committee on Introduction of Exotic Aquatic Species into Indian Waters officially banned the rearing of this invasive species. However, these bans have not been effective in curbing its spread.
On January 22, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) issued a ban on African Smoked Catfish, further cracking down on those who rear or sell the fish. The Tamil Nadu fisheries department is actively involved in destroying ponds where this fish is being reared. They dig the earth, dump all the catfish caught in the pond, and close it. Local fish markets are also monitored to prevent the selling of African Smoked Catfish.
African Smoked Catfish, a highly nutritious delicacy, has become a problem in India due to its invasive nature and negative impact on native fish species. Efforts to control its spread have been implemented, including bans and the destruction of rearing ponds. It is important to address the issue of invasive species to protect the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems in India.
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